행복한 나라들

2020년은 같은 두 자리 숫자 '20'이 반복되는 의미있는 해가 될 것이라고 기대했었습니다.

 

다음에 같은 두 자리 숫자가 이어지는 해는 2121년으로 101년 후의 일입니다.

 

그런데 우리가 원하지 않는 중국발 코로나바이러스가 전 세계를 강타하면서 사람들은 많은 이동의 자유를 누리지 못했고 직장을 잃어 어려운 한해를 보내야 했습니다.

 

이런 상황에서 갤럽 세계 여론 조사가 코로나바이러스에 잘 대처한 나라들 이를테면 베트남, 대만, 몽골 등의 나라가 상위에 랭크될 것으로 생각했는데 세계에서 가장 행복한 나라의 순위 최고의 자리에는 아무런 변화가 없었습니다.

 

결국 코로나바이러스가 일부 순위에 조금 변화가 있었을지 모르나 결론적으로 정부에 대한 국민의 신뢰도, 정치, 부패 인식, 자유, GDP, 삶의 질 등이 행복지수를 결정짓고 있었습니다.

 

소득 수준이 낮은 아프리카의 많은 나라, 사회주의 국가, 독재국가가 상위에 랭크되지 않는 이유는 바로 이러한 이유 때문으로 보입니다.

 

 

다음은 cnn이 보도한 기사 내용입니다.

 

 

 

지난 1년이 전 세계 사람들에게 어려운 해였다고 말하는 것은 다소 절제된 표현이다.
코로나19 전염병은 전 세계적으로 260만 명 이상의 사망자를 낳았을 뿐만 아니라, 우리 중 많은 사람들의 일상생활에 커다란 변화를 가져왔다.

To say the past year has been a difficult one for people across the globe is something of an understatement. 

Not only has the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in the deaths of over 2.6 million people worldwide, it's also led to a massive shake up in everyday life for many of us. 

 

하지만 지난 12개월간의 엄청난 사건들과 그로 인한 정신 건강의 감소에도 불구하고, 세계에서 가장 행복한 나라의 순위를 매긴다는 점에서 최고의 자리에는 아무런 변화가 없었다.

But despite the devastating events of the last 12 months and the resulting decline in mental health in a number of destinations, there's been no change at the top spot when it comes to ranking the happiest country in the world.

핀란드는 4년 연속 갤럽 세계 여론조사에서 집계된 연간 순위에서 1위를 차지했으며 아이슬란드, 덴마크, 스위스, 네덜란드가 각각 2, 3, 4위와 5위를 차지했다.

미국은 18위에서 14위로, 영국은 13위에서 18위로 내려앉은 반면 호주는 12위 자리를 지켰다.

For the fourth year running, Finland has come out on top in the annual list powered by data from the Gallup World Poll, with Iceland, Denmark, Switzerland, and the Netherlands following in second, third, fourth and fifth position respectively.

While the United States moved up from 18th to 14th place and the United Kingdom dropped from 13th to 18th, Australia held its 12th place position.

제프리 삭스 컬럼비아대 지속가능발전센터 공동편집장은 "코로나19로부터 배워야 한다"고 말했다.
"대유행은 우리의 세계적인 환경 위협과 긴급한 협력의 필요성, 그리고 각 나라와 세계적으로 협력의 달성을 위한 어려움을 상기시켜줍니다."

"We need urgently to learn from Covid-19," said report co-editor Jeffrey Sachs, professor and director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University.

"The pandemic reminds us of our global environmental threats, the urgent need to cooperate, and the difficulties of achieving cooperation in each country and globally." 

 

아이슬란드는 세계에서 두 번째로 행복한 나라로 선정되었습니다.
코로나바이러스로 인해 2021년 세계행복보고서(World Happiness Report)가 이번에는 조금 다르게 취합됐다는 점은 주목할 필요가 있다.
연구자들은 많은 국가에서 대면 인터뷰를 완료할 수 없었을 뿐만 아니라 웰빙과 코로나19 사이의 관계에 초점을 맞춰 상황을 완전히 전환해야 했다.

Iceland was named the second happiest country in the world.

It's worth noting that the World Happiness Report 2021 has been collated slightly differently this time round due to coronavirus.

Not only were researchers unable to complete face-to-face interviews in a number of countries, they also had to switch things up entirely by focusing on the relationship between wellbeing and Covid-19.

 

이 보고서는 2012년에 시작된 이래로 주로 GDP, 기대 수명, 관대함, 사회적 지원, 자유 및 부패 소득의 수준에 기초하고 있다.
아이슬란드가 4위에서 2위로, 노르웨이가 5위에서 8위로 추락하는 등 10위권 내 일부 변화가 있었지만 대부분 전년도와 현저하게 비슷해 긍정적인 신호로 평가된다.
"사람들 자신의 삶에 대한 평가로 측정했을 때 평균적인 웰빙 하락은 없었습니다,"라고 이 보고서에 또한 기여한 브리티시 컬럼비아 대학의 존 헬리웰 교수는 말했다.

The report has been primarily based on levels of GDP, life expectancy, generosity, social support, freedom and corruption income since it launched in 2012. 

Although there have been some changes in the top 10, with Iceland rising two places from fourth to second on the list and Norway dropping from fifth to eighth place, the rankings were strikingly similar to the previous year for the most part, which is viewed as a positive sign. 

"Surprisingly there was not, on average, a decline in wellbeing when measured by people's own evaluation of their lives," said the University of British Columbia's professor John Helliwell, who also contributed to the report.

 

"한 가지 가능한 설명은 사람들이 Covid-19를 모든 사람들에게 영향을 미치는 공통적이고 외부적인 위협으로 보고 있으며 이것이 더 큰 연대감과 동료 감정을 생성했다는 것입니다."
다른 주목할 만한 움직임으로는 지난해 17위에서 7위로 뛰어오른 독일도 있다.
대면 인터뷰가 가능했던 크로아티아는 79위에서 23위로 올라섰다.

"One possible explanation is that people see Covid-19 as a common, outside threat affecting everybody and that this has generated a greater sense of solidarity and fellow-feeling." 

Other notable movements on the list include Germany, which has jumped from 17th to seventh place in the last year.

Croatia, which was among the destinations where face-to-face interviews were able to take place, rose from number 79 to 23 on the list. 

 

연구원들은 핀란드가 상호 신뢰에 관한 한 항상 높은 순위를 차지하고 있기 때문에 핀란드가 다시 한 번 1위를 지킨 것은 놀라운 일이 아니라고 말한다.
신뢰는 전염병 동안 사람들을 보호하는데 도움을 준 주요 요인들 중 하나이자 정부에 대한 신뢰로 인식되고 있다.
예를 들어, 브라질의 사망률은 싱가포르보다 상당히 높았는데, 이 보고서는 각 나라 정부에 대한 대중의 신뢰의 차이로 부분적으로 귀결되었다.

Researchers say it's no surprise that Finland has retained the top position once again, as the Nordic country has always ranked highly when it comes to mutual trust.

Trust is recognized as one of the major factors that helped to protect people during the pandemic, as well as confidence in governments.

For instance, Brazil's death rate was significantly higher than Singapore's, a fact the report put partially down to the difference in public trust in the governments of each country.

또한 아메리카 대륙과 유럽이 동아시아, 오스트랄라시아, 아프리카보다 훨씬 높은 코로나19 사망률을 기록했다고 한다.
이 보고서는 섬이건 간에 한 나라 인구의 평균 연령과 다른 높은 감염 국가들과의 근접성이 전 세계적으로 사망률의 격차에 한 요인이 되고 있음을 시사하고 있다.

It also notes that the Americas and Europe had much higher Covid-19 fatalities than East Asia, Australasia, and Africa. 

The report suggests that the average age of a country's population, whether it's an island, and its proximity to other highly-infected countries were contributing factors in the disparity between death rates globally.

 

흥미롭게도, 정부 수반이 여성이었는지와 같은 문화적 차이도 소득 불평등 및 이전의 전염병으로부터 얻은 지식과 함께 코로나19 전략의 성공을 측정할 때 중요한 고려사항으로 언급된다.
"동아시아의 경험은 엄격한 정부 정책이 코로나19를 효과적으로 통제할 뿐만 아니라 사람들의 행복에 대한 매일 감염의 부정적인 영향을 완충시킨다는 것을 보여줍니다,"라고 한국개발연구원 보고서 기고자 슌왕 교수는 말했다.

Intriguingly, cultural differences such as whether the head of government was a woman, are also noted as significant considerations when measuring the success of Covid-19 strategies, along with income inequality and knowledge gained from previous epidemics. 

"The East Asian experience shows that stringent government policies not only control Covid-19 effectively, but also buffer the negative impact of daily infections on people's happiness," said report contributor professor Shun Wang of the Korea 

 

여러 나라에서 백신 보급이 성공적으로 이루어지면서 많은 사람들에게 필요한 도움을 주었지만, 폐쇄, 사회적 거리, 얼굴 가리기와 여행 제한은 바이러스와의 삶의 일부이자 일부이며, 경제적인 영향도 고려하지 않고 있다.

While successful vaccine rollouts in various countries have provided a much-needed boost to many, lockdowns, social distancing, face coverings and travel restrictions are part and parcel of living with the virus, and that's not even taking the economic implications into account.

 

대유행 기간 동안, 세계에서 가장 행복한 나라가 된다는 것은 무엇을 의미할까요?

During a psndemic, what does being the world's happiest country mean?

 

그 결과, 보고서는 2020년 5월에 보고된 정신 건강 문제의 수가 코로나19 이전에 예측된 것보다 47% 더 많았던 영국을 포함한 많은 국가에서 정신 건강의 감소가 즉각적으로 나타났다는 것을 발견했다.
어쩌면 놀랍게도 2021년 세계행복보고서에서도 폐쇄와 사회적 거리가 노동자들의 복지에 엄청난 영향을 미친다는 사실이 밝혀졌다.

As a result, the report found that the decline in mental health was immediate in many countries, including the UK, where the number of mental health problems reported was 47% higher in May 2020 than predicted before Covid-19.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, the World Happiness Report 2021 also found that lockdowns and social distancing impacted workforce wellbeing tremendously.

 

수집한 자료에 따르면 대유행 초기에 외롭다고 답한 휴면이나 중복으로 일을 할 수 없는 사람들은 처음부터 외로움을 느끼지 않는 사람들보다 43% 덜 행복해졌다.

"나의 이전 연구는 얼마나 행복한 노동자들이 13% 더 생산적인지를 보여주었습니다,"라고 이 보고서의 또 다른 기여자인 옥스퍼드 대학의 웰빙 연구 센터 책임자인 Jan-Emmanuel De Neve 교수는 말했다. 
"이 논문은 행복이 급여에 의해 변하는 것이 아니며, 사회적 연결과 정체성이 더 중요하다는 것을 증명한다. 

According to the data collected, those unable to work due to furlough or redundancy who said they were lonely at the start of the pandemic became 43% less happy than those who did not feel lonely to begin with.

"My previous research showed how happy workers are 13% more productive," said professor Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Director of the Wellbeing Research Centre at the University of Oxford, another contributor to the report. 

"This paper proves that happiness is not driven by pay, and that the social connections and a sense of identity are more important. 

 

 

"이 연구 결과는 직장인들의 유연성을 보장하면서 사회적 연결을 유지하기 위해 사무실 생활과 재택 근무 사이의 균형을 이루는 '하이브리드' 미래로 향하고 있습니다." 
보고서에 수록된 149개국 중 아프가니스탄이 다시 가장 불행한 국가로 꼽혔고 짐바브웨, 르완다, 보츠와나가 그 뒤를 이었다.
최하위권들은 주로 정치, 무력충돌 등 현안이 팽배한 후진국들이거나 최근 들어 그랬다. 

"These findings point towards a 'hybrid' future of work, with a balance between office life and working from home to maintain social connections while ensuring flexibility for workers." 

Of the 149 countries featured on the report, Afghanistan was ranked the most unhappy once again, followed by Zimbabwe, Rwanda and Botswana.

시몬 프레이저 대학의 라라 아크닌 교수는 "올해는 매우 어려운 한 해였지만 초기 자료들은 사회적 연결과 삶의 평가에서 회복력을 나타내는 몇 가지 주목할 만한 징후들을 보여준다"고 말했다.

Those at the bottom of the list were mainly underdeveloped countries where issues such as political and armed conflicts are prevalent, or have been in recent times. 

"This has been a very challenging year, but the early data also show some notable signs of resilience in feelings of social connection and life evaluations" says report contributor professor Lara Aknin of Simon Fraser University.

 

 

 

* 기사 출처: cnn